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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Numerical Definitions: GLib Reference Manual</title> <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1"> <link rel="home" href="index.html" title="GLib Reference Manual"> <link rel="up" href="glib-fundamentals.html" title="GLib Fundamentals"> <link rel="prev" href="glib-Bounds-checked-integer-arithmetic.html" title="Bounds-checking integer arithmetic"> <link rel="next" href="glib-Miscellaneous-Macros.html" title="Miscellaneous Macros"> <meta name="generator" content="GTK-Doc V1.32 (XML mode)"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" type="text/css"> </head> <body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"> <table class="navigation" id="top" width="100%" summary="Navigation header" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5"><tr valign="middle"> <td width="100%" align="left" class="shortcuts"> <a href="#" class="shortcut">Top</a><span id="nav_description"> <span class="dim">|</span> <a href="#glib-Numerical-Definitions.description" class="shortcut">Description</a></span> </td> <td><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><img src="home.png" width="16" height="16" border="0" alt="Home"></a></td> <td><a accesskey="u" href="glib-fundamentals.html"><img src="up.png" width="16" height="16" border="0" alt="Up"></a></td> <td><a accesskey="p" href="glib-Bounds-checked-integer-arithmetic.html"><img src="left.png" width="16" height="16" border="0" alt="Prev"></a></td> <td><a accesskey="n" href="glib-Miscellaneous-Macros.html"><img src="right.png" width="16" height="16" border="0" alt="Next"></a></td> </tr></table> <div class="refentry"> <a name="glib-Numerical-Definitions"></a><div class="titlepage"></div> <div class="refnamediv"><table width="100%"><tr> <td valign="top"> <h2><span class="refentrytitle"><a name="glib-Numerical-Definitions.top_of_page"></a>Numerical Definitions</span></h2> <p>Numerical Definitions — mathematical constants, and floating point decomposition</p> </td> <td class="gallery_image" valign="top" align="right"></td> </tr></table></div> <div class="refsect1"> <a name="glib-Numerical-Definitions.other"></a><h2>Types and Values</h2> <div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"> <colgroup> <col width="150px" class="other_proto_type"> <col class="other_proto_name"> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td class="define_keyword">#define</td> <td class="function_name"><a class="link" href="glib-Numerical-Definitions.html#G-IEEE754-FLOAT-BIAS:CAPS" title="G_IEEE754_FLOAT_BIAS">G_IEEE754_FLOAT_BIAS</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="define_keyword">#define</td> <td class="function_name"><a class="link" href="glib-Numerical-Definitions.html#G-IEEE754-DOUBLE-BIAS:CAPS" title="G_IEEE754_DOUBLE_BIAS">G_IEEE754_DOUBLE_BIAS</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="datatype_keyword">union</td> <td class="function_name"><a class="link" href="glib-Numerical-Definitions.html#GFloatIEEE754" title="union GFloatIEEE754">GFloatIEEE754</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="datatype_keyword">union</td> <td class="function_name"><a class="link" href="glib-Numerical-Definitions.html#GDoubleIEEE754" title="union GDoubleIEEE754">GDoubleIEEE754</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="define_keyword">#define</td> <td class="function_name"><a class="link" href="glib-Numerical-Definitions.html#G-E:CAPS" title="G_E">G_E</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="define_keyword">#define</td> <td class="function_name"><a class="link" href="glib-Numerical-Definitions.html#G-LN2:CAPS" title="G_LN2">G_LN2</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="define_keyword">#define</td> <td class="function_name"><a class="link" href="glib-Numerical-Definitions.html#G-LN10:CAPS" title="G_LN10">G_LN10</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="define_keyword">#define</td> <td class="function_name"><a class="link" href="glib-Numerical-Definitions.html#G-PI:CAPS" title="G_PI">G_PI</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="define_keyword">#define</td> <td class="function_name"><a class="link" href="glib-Numerical-Definitions.html#G-PI-2:CAPS" title="G_PI_2">G_PI_2</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="define_keyword">#define</td> <td class="function_name"><a class="link" href="glib-Numerical-Definitions.html#G-PI-4:CAPS" title="G_PI_4">G_PI_4</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="define_keyword">#define</td> <td class="function_name"><a class="link" href="glib-Numerical-Definitions.html#G-SQRT2:CAPS" title="G_SQRT2">G_SQRT2</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="define_keyword">#define</td> <td class="function_name"><a class="link" href="glib-Numerical-Definitions.html#G-LOG-2-BASE-10:CAPS" title="G_LOG_2_BASE_10">G_LOG_2_BASE_10</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a name="glib-Numerical-Definitions.includes"></a><h2>Includes</h2> <pre class="synopsis">#include <glib.h> </pre> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a name="glib-Numerical-Definitions.description"></a><h2>Description</h2> <p>GLib offers mathematical constants such as <a class="link" href="glib-Numerical-Definitions.html#G-PI:CAPS" title="G_PI"><span class="type">G_PI</span></a> for the value of pi; many platforms have these in the C library, but some don't, the GLib versions always exist.</p> <p>The <a class="link" href="glib-Numerical-Definitions.html#GFloatIEEE754" title="union GFloatIEEE754"><span class="type">GFloatIEEE754</span></a> and <a class="link" href="glib-Numerical-Definitions.html#GDoubleIEEE754" title="union GDoubleIEEE754"><span class="type">GDoubleIEEE754</span></a> unions are used to access the sign, mantissa and exponent of IEEE floats and doubles. These unions are defined as appropriate for a given platform. IEEE floats and doubles are supported (used for storage) by at least Intel, PPC and Sparc. See <a class="ulink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_float" target="_top">IEEE 754-2008</a> for more information about IEEE number formats.</p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a name="glib-Numerical-Definitions.functions_details"></a><h2>Functions</h2> <p></p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a name="glib-Numerical-Definitions.other_details"></a><h2>Types and Values</h2> <div class="refsect2"> <a name="G-IEEE754-FLOAT-BIAS:CAPS"></a><h3>G_IEEE754_FLOAT_BIAS</h3> <pre class="programlisting">#define G_IEEE754_FLOAT_BIAS (127) </pre> <p>The bias by which exponents in single-precision floats are offset.</p> </div> <hr> <div class="refsect2"> <a name="G-IEEE754-DOUBLE-BIAS:CAPS"></a><h3>G_IEEE754_DOUBLE_BIAS</h3> <pre class="programlisting">#define G_IEEE754_DOUBLE_BIAS (1023) </pre> <p>The bias by which exponents in double-precision floats are offset.</p> </div> <hr> <div class="refsect2"> <a name="GFloatIEEE754"></a><h3>union GFloatIEEE754</h3> <p>The <a class="link" href="glib-Numerical-Definitions.html#GFloatIEEE754" title="union GFloatIEEE754"><span class="type">GFloatIEEE754</span></a> and <a class="link" href="glib-Numerical-Definitions.html#GDoubleIEEE754" title="union GDoubleIEEE754"><span class="type">GDoubleIEEE754</span></a> unions are used to access the sign, mantissa and exponent of IEEE floats and doubles. These unions are defined as appropriate for a given platform. IEEE floats and doubles are supported (used for storage) by at least Intel, PPC and Sparc.</p> <div class="refsect3"> <a name="GFloatIEEE754.members"></a><h4>Members</h4> <div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"> <colgroup> <col width="300px" class="union_members_name"> <col class="union_members_description"> <col width="200px" class="union_members_annotations"> </colgroup> <tbody><tr> <td class="union_member_name"><p><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gfloat" title="gfloat"><span class="type">gfloat</span></a> <em class="structfield"><code><a name="GFloatIEEE754.v-float"></a>v_float</code></em>;</p></td> <td class="union_member_description"><p>the double value</p></td> <td class="union_member_annotations"> </td> </tr></tbody> </table></div> </div> </div> <hr> <div class="refsect2"> <a name="GDoubleIEEE754"></a><h3>union GDoubleIEEE754</h3> <p>The <a class="link" href="glib-Numerical-Definitions.html#GFloatIEEE754" title="union GFloatIEEE754"><span class="type">GFloatIEEE754</span></a> and <a class="link" href="glib-Numerical-Definitions.html#GDoubleIEEE754" title="union GDoubleIEEE754"><span class="type">GDoubleIEEE754</span></a> unions are used to access the sign, mantissa and exponent of IEEE floats and doubles. These unions are defined as appropriate for a given platform. IEEE floats and doubles are supported (used for storage) by at least Intel, PPC and Sparc.</p> <div class="refsect3"> <a name="GDoubleIEEE754.members"></a><h4>Members</h4> <div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"> <colgroup> <col width="300px" class="union_members_name"> <col class="union_members_description"> <col width="200px" class="union_members_annotations"> </colgroup> <tbody><tr> <td class="union_member_name"><p><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gdouble" title="gdouble"><span class="type">gdouble</span></a> <em class="structfield"><code><a name="GDoubleIEEE754.v-double"></a>v_double</code></em>;</p></td> <td class="union_member_description"><p>the double value</p></td> <td class="union_member_annotations"> </td> </tr></tbody> </table></div> </div> </div> <hr> <div class="refsect2"> <a name="G-E:CAPS"></a><h3>G_E</h3> <pre class="programlisting">#define G_E 2.7182818284590452353602874713526624977572470937000 </pre> <p>The base of natural logarithms.</p> </div> <hr> <div class="refsect2"> <a name="G-LN2:CAPS"></a><h3>G_LN2</h3> <pre class="programlisting">#define G_LN2 0.69314718055994530941723212145817656807550013436026 </pre> <p>The natural logarithm of 2.</p> </div> <hr> <div class="refsect2"> <a name="G-LN10:CAPS"></a><h3>G_LN10</h3> <pre class="programlisting">#define G_LN10 2.3025850929940456840179914546843642076011014886288 </pre> <p>The natural logarithm of 10.</p> </div> <hr> <div class="refsect2"> <a name="G-PI:CAPS"></a><h3>G_PI</h3> <pre class="programlisting">#define G_PI 3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751 </pre> <p>The value of pi (ratio of circle's circumference to its diameter).</p> </div> <hr> <div class="refsect2"> <a name="G-PI-2:CAPS"></a><h3>G_PI_2</h3> <pre class="programlisting">#define G_PI_2 1.5707963267948966192313216916397514420985846996876 </pre> <p>Pi divided by 2.</p> </div> <hr> <div class="refsect2"> <a name="G-PI-4:CAPS"></a><h3>G_PI_4</h3> <pre class="programlisting">#define G_PI_4 0.78539816339744830961566084581987572104929234984378 </pre> <p>Pi divided by 4.</p> </div> <hr> <div class="refsect2"> <a name="G-SQRT2:CAPS"></a><h3>G_SQRT2</h3> <pre class="programlisting">#define G_SQRT2 1.4142135623730950488016887242096980785696718753769 </pre> <p>The square root of two.</p> </div> <hr> <div class="refsect2"> <a name="G-LOG-2-BASE-10:CAPS"></a><h3>G_LOG_2_BASE_10</h3> <pre class="programlisting">#define G_LOG_2_BASE_10 (0.30102999566398119521) </pre> <p>Multiplying the base 2 exponent by this number yields the base 10 exponent.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer"> <hr>Generated by GTK-Doc V1.32</div> </body> </html>